Let’s talk about something that doesn’t get enough airtime — gynaecological cancers.
They’re not the easiest topic to bring up, but knowing what they are and how to spot signs early can truly save lives. Knowledge is power, and your body deserves that kind of care.
First things first — what are gynaecological cancers?
“Gynecological” refers to the female reproductive system — the parts that include your uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, and vulva.
A gynaecological cancer happens when cells in one of these areas start growing out of control. There are five main types, each with its own signs, risks, and ways to protect yourself.
1. Cervical Cancer
This one starts in the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
The main cause? Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a super common virus that spreads through sexual contact.
Symptoms
- Unusual vaginal bleeding (especially after sex or between periods)
- Pelvic pain
- Changes in discharge
Prevention
Regular Pap smears and HPV tests can detect early changes long before cancer develops.
There’s also the HPV vaccine, which protects against the virus that causes most cervical cancers — one of the biggest medical wins for women’s health.
2. Ovarian Cancer
The ovaries make eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer can be sneaky — it often grows quietly until it’s advanced.
Symptoms
- Bloating or feeling full quickly
- Stomach or pelvic pain
- Needing to pee often
- Fatigue or unexplained weight changes
Awareness tip
Listen to your body. If these symptoms hang around for weeks, don’t brush them off. Early detection can make all the difference.
3. Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer
This type starts in the lining of the uterus — the endometrium — where periods and pregnancies happen.
Symptoms
- Abnormal bleeding (especially after menopause)
- Pelvic pressure or pain
- Unusual discharge
Prevention
Maintaining a balanced weight, managing hormonal conditions, and reporting any odd bleeding patterns early helps your doctor catch things sooner.
4. Vaginal Cancer
This one is rare but important to know about. It begins in the vagina — the passage between the cervix and the outside of the body.
Symptoms
- Bleeding after sex or between periods
- Pain during sex
- A lump or sore in the vaginal area that doesn’t heal
Prevention
Routine checkups and HPV vaccination reduce your risk here too. It’s all connected — same virus, different possible outcomes.
5. Vulvar Cancer
The vulva is everything you can see on the outside — the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening.
Vulvar cancer often starts as skin changes you can see or feel.
Symptoms
- Itching or burning that doesn’t go away
- Skin color changes or thick patches
- Small lumps, sores, or growths on the vulva
Awareness tip
Check your vulva regularly — yes, actually look. Knowing what’s normal helps you notice what’s not.
The takeaway
Cancers of the reproductive system can sound scary, but they don’t have to be mysterious.
With regular checkups, self-awareness, and vaccines like HPV, you can lower your risk by a lot.
Your body speaks through discharge, pain, or bleeding patterns and learning its language is part of your self-care.
Caring for your reproductive health isn’t just about avoiding disease; it’s about honoring the body that carries you.